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The Marca Hispánica ((スペイン語:Marca Hispánica), (カタルーニャ語、バレンシア語:Marca Hispànica), Aragonese and (オック語:Marca Hispanica), (バスク語:Hispaniako Marka), (フランス語:Marche Hispanique)), also known as Spanish March or March of Barcelona was a buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania, created by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Carolingian Empire (Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine and Carolingian Septimania). In its broader meaning, ''Marca Hispánica'' sometimes refers to a group of early Iberian and trans-Pyrenean lordships or counts coming under Frankish rule. As time passed, these lordships merged or gained independence from Frankish imperial rule. ==Geographical context== The area broadly corresponds to eastern regions between the Pyrenees and the Ebro River. The local population of the March was diverse. It included Iberians and Basques in the north-western Catalan valleys, Jews, and Goths (Hispanic population in the Gothic tradition/law), all of them under the influence of the Andalusian civilization, since their lords had vowed allegiance to Cordovan rulers until Pepin's conquest of Andalusian Septimania (759). The Pyrenean valleys started to switch loyalties after 785 (Girona, Ribagorza, etc.) with the construction and garrisoning by counts loyal to the Carolingians of new outposts and fortresses on bordering areas. The territory changed with the fortunes of the Empires and the feudal ambitions of those, whether the Counts or Walis, appointed to administer the counties. Eventually the rulers and people of the March became autonomous and claimed independence. Out of the welter of counties in the region emerged the principality Catalonia divided into a myriad of counties with the county of Barcelona as their main power centre. Counties that at various times formed part of the March included: Ribagorza (initially including Pallars), Urgell, Cerdanya, Perelada, Empúries, Besalú, Ausona (Osona), Barcelona, Girona (''March of Hispania'') and, Conflent, Roussillon, Vallespir and Fenollet (''March of Gothia''). The nominal boundaries of ''Gothia'' and the ''Hispanic Marches'' vary in time, not without confusion. While Navarre and Aragon have sometimes been depicted within the Marca Hispanica, they were not part of it, but they came under the Carolingian area of influence between 794 and 806 within the Basque (rendered also as "Gascon") marches, or Duchy of Vasconia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marca Hispanica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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